000			02051nam a2200253Ia 4500
003			OSt
005			20241109102827.0
008			210210b2010 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9788173048814
040			_cAL
041			_aeng
082			_a382.41384 DIST
100			_aDISNEY (A R) _9183005
245			_aTwilight of the pepper empire _bPortuguese trade in southwest India in the early seventeenth century
260			_aNew Delhi _bManohar Publisher and Distributors _c2010
300			_axiii,220
520			_aThis study of the Portuguese commercial empire in India during the Hapsburg years is the most serious attempt yet made to analyse the Old Portuguese pepper trade—from the planting of orchards in the foothills of Malabar and Kanara to the unloading of spice-laden carracks in Lisbon. Equally significant, it is the first book to explain how and why the Portuguese were not able to modernize their trade system when faced with crisis conditions. The distress that confronted the Portuguese following the arrival of the Dutch and English, seen here as partly military but fundamentally economic and organizational, reached its decisive stage in the 1620s and the early 1630s. The Portuguese attempted to combat the crisis by creating their own India Company. The story of that company and the reasons of its failure are thoroughly investigated as Disney looks at its antecedents, composition, activities, and weaknesses.The author has unearthed much new statistical material from widely scattered manuscript sources and in doing so sheds new light on related problems and issues, such as institutional relations between Spain and Portugal, the careers of individual merchants, and the nature and difficulties of viceregal government in Portuguese India.
650			_aSocial Science, Economics, History, Sociology, Political Science, Public Relation _9183020
650			_aSouth Canara _9184711
650			_aSouth Kanara /South Canara _9183021
690			_aDakshina Kannada _9183019
906			_a067275
942			_2ddc _cBK
999			_c149572 _d149572