02212nam a2200265Ia 4500003000400000005001700004008004000021020001800061040000700079041000800086082001900094100002500113245010400138260005600242300001300298520125700311650009401568650002501662650003901687690002901726906001101755942001201766999001901778952014901797OSt20241109102827.0210210b2010   xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d  a9788173048814  cAL  aeng  a382.41384 DIST  aDISNEY (A R)9183005  aTwilight of the pepper empirebPortuguese trade in southwest India in the early seventeenth century  aNew DelhibManohar Publisher and Distributorsc2010  axiii,220  aThis study of the Portuguese commercial empire in India during the Hapsburg years is the most serious attempt yet made to analyse the Old Portuguese pepper trade—from the planting of orchards in the foothills of Malabar and Kanara to the unloading of spice-laden carracks in Lisbon. Equally significant, it is the first book to explain how and why the Portuguese were not able to modernize their trade system when faced with crisis conditions. The distress that confronted the Portuguese following the arrival of the Dutch and English, seen here as partly military but fundamentally economic and organizational, reached its decisive stage in the 1620s and the early 1630s. The Portuguese attempted to combat the crisis by creating their own India Company. The story of that company and the reasons of its failure are thoroughly investigated as Disney looks at its antecedents, composition, activities, and weaknesses.The author has unearthed much new statistical material from widely scattered manuscript sources and in doing so sheds new light on related problems and issues, such as institutional relations between Spain and Portugal, the careers of individual merchants, and the nature and difficulties of viceregal government in Portuguese India.  aSocial Science, Economics, History, Sociology, Political Science, Public Relation9183020  aSouth Canara9184711  aSouth Kanara /South Canara9183021  aDakshina Kannada9183019  a067275  2ddccBK  c149572d149572  00102ddc4074aALbALd2021-02-17eManohar Publishers and Distributorsg695.00l0o382.41384 DISTp067275r2021-02-17 00:00:00w2021-02-17yBK