02051nam a2200253Ia 4500 OSt 20241109102827.0 210210b2010 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d 9788173048814 AL eng 382.41384 DIST DISNEY (A R) 183005 Twilight of the pepper empire Portuguese trade in southwest India in the early seventeenth century New Delhi Manohar Publisher and Distributors 2010 xiii,220 This study of the Portuguese commercial empire in India during the Hapsburg years is the most serious attempt yet made to analyse the Old Portuguese pepper trade—from the planting of orchards in the foothills of Malabar and Kanara to the unloading of spice-laden carracks in Lisbon. Equally significant, it is the first book to explain how and why the Portuguese were not able to modernize their trade system when faced with crisis conditions. The distress that confronted the Portuguese following the arrival of the Dutch and English, seen here as partly military but fundamentally economic and organizational, reached its decisive stage in the 1620s and the early 1630s. The Portuguese attempted to combat the crisis by creating their own India Company. The story of that company and the reasons of its failure are thoroughly investigated as Disney looks at its antecedents, composition, activities, and weaknesses.The author has unearthed much new statistical material from widely scattered manuscript sources and in doing so sheds new light on related problems and issues, such as institutional relations between Spain and Portugal, the careers of individual merchants, and the nature and difficulties of viceregal government in Portuguese India. Social Science, Economics, History, Sociology, Political Science, Public Relation 183020 South Canara 184711 South Kanara /South Canara 183021 Dakshina Kannada 183019 067275 ddc BK 149572 149572 0 0 ddc 0 4 AL AL 2021-02-17 Manohar Publishers and Distributors 695.00 0 382.41384 DIST 067275 2021-02-17 00:00:00 2021-02-17 BK